HELEN DALLEY: But in a tale of political skullduggery, one state, Queensland, did away with its upper house, which was branded the slaughterhouse because it killed off so much legislation. Back in the 1920s, Labor premier 'Red Ted' Theodore was absolutely fed up with the upper house blocking his legislative agenda. After all, he argued, the members in that house were unelected, they were appointed for life, and they were basically there to protect British financial interests. It was a colonial leftover, he said, that had to go. So he rather cleverly plotted to get rid of it without having to take it to a referendum. And in 1922, the Queensland Legislative Council was abolished.
PETER BEATTIE: It was an elitist body, landed gentry, no vote one value, none of that nonsense. It was just based on privilege, money, landowning, all that sort of stuff. It represented greed basically and I think it was quite appropriate to get rid of it. I mean, why should greed be the basis of an upper house? That's what it was.
HELEN DALLEY: To get rid of such an undemocratic institution, 'Red Ted' Theodore used that fine Labor tradition – he stacked the Upper House with ALP appointees. They've gone down in political legend as the suicide squad, because they voted to abolish their own chamber.
HELEN DALLEY: Decades after its demise, many argue that the lack of an upper house led to the authoritarian excesses of the Joh Bjelke-Petersen government.
DR JOHN UHR, POLITICAL SCIENTIST, ANU: Maybe things could be better with an upper house, better with a kind of dispersed power that would just act as a kind of check and brake upon powerful governments – we had the Fitzgerald Commission, we've had a history of corruption – and that maybe somehow another house could have slowed that down in some way.
PROF DEAN JAENSCH: I've always rebutted that on the grounds that if there was an upper house, Joh would have gerrymandered it just as much as he gerrymandered the Lower House, so it wouldn't have been any protection whatsoever.
HELEN DALLEY: You would agree that he did benefit ...
PETER BEATTIE: Oh, absolutely.
HELEN DALLEY: .. from Labor's abolition of the upper house?
PETER BEATTIE: Yes, I agree with that because it's an historical fact and I couldn't argue with it. It's true. But why didn't we win here, the Labor Party? Because we were basically hopeless. I mean, in those days, Bjelke-Petersen got away with it because my political party didn't perform well, too many people in the media were compliant, there weren't mechanisms like they exist now.
HELEN DALLEY: Premier Beattie argues the accountability mechanisms set up after the Fitzgerald corruption inquiry, such as the Crime and Misconduct Commission, have now taken over the review function of an upper house.
HELEN DALLEY: So do you reckon you benefit as much as Joh did, from no upper house?
PETER BEATTIE: No, because Fitzgerald changed all that. The Fitzgerald inquiry has given us accountability mechanisms that don't exist anywhere else in Australia. The Joh days are gone, they're dead, finished, over, buried.
HELEN DALLEY: The Queensland upper-house chamber is still used for the opening of parliament, pomp and ceremony. Premier Beattie admits the political reality of referendums means Queensland's upper house will be the first and the last to go.
HELEN DALLEY: Why don't these sort of reforms ever get past referendums?