Flick- Last report I read stated that they were still unsure whether dusky flathead are sex changing fish or that the male dusky grows much slower and has a smaller max size.
The only way to tell if a female is past her used-by-date would be to cut her open during spawning periods and see if she is full off roe...I'm talkin about flathead too. There are fish species which do become spent post maturity but they can still produce smaller amounts of eggs. The amount of eggs a fish can produce is usually done by a weight ratio. The heavier the fish the more eggs they can produce.
Flathead seem to be a very hardy fish when it comes to C&R (done properly) It would be interesting to see if catching a female during spawning would effect the breeding cycle. With this I mean would the roe would be reabsorbed due to stress (being caught and released). There are claims that Aussie bass reabsorb if they get stressed but I haven't seen any valid info on that theory. (not sayin it isn't out there but I haven't found any.)
Pete.